IIRC capacitors can have tolerances up to +/-20%, so it's possible your first capacitor was 20% higher in value and your second 20% lower (though the actual tolerances are likely to be lower... hopefully). Plus, capacitors tend to drop in capacitance as they age (especially if they are out of circuit), so if your 1960s Astron is actually from the 1960s, it's possible that it has fallen in value, helping to explain the brighter tone.
That said, different capacitor types definitely vary in quality and in their properties. I know oil film capacitors are touted as being quieter, stabler and more accurate than ceramic ones. And I'm pretty sure the more expensive capacitors have tighter tolerance values than ceramics, and some types age in a more linear fashion than others, etc.
As for your bridge capacitor... I'd give it a while to see how you adjust to your new neck capacitor. You may find you change your EQ settings and want even more treble from your bridge as a result. Or maybe you could get a slightly higher value vintage capacitor.